Passive Voice
Diferentemente
da voz ativa, em que a ênfase está em quem praticou a ação, ou seja, no
sujeito, a voz passiva se preocupa em enfatizar o objeto, ou seja, aquele que
sofre a ação expressa pelo verbo.
Um
exemplo de voz ativa seria:
The
men built that house. (Os
homens construíram aquela casa).
Já ao se
passar para a voz passiva, o primeiro passo é inverter o objeto, colocando-o no
início da frase.
That
house was built by the men. (Aquela
casa foi construída pelos homens).
Nota-se
que, além da inversão do objeto, houve também uma mudança quanto ao tempo
verbal da frase. Na voz ativa, o verbo estava no passado simples, e na voz
passiva foi acrescentado o passado do verbo “to be” mais o particípio do verbo.
Além disso, houve também o acréscimo de by logo após a locução verbal.
Nem todas
as frases seguirão o mesmo modelo acima. É preciso, portanto, estar atento ao
tempo verbal da frase na voz ativa, para saber em que tempo verbal ela deverá
vir na voz passiva. Segue abaixo uma tabela que ilustra os tempos verbais da
voz ativa e da voz passiva:
Tempo na voz ativa
|
Voz passiva
|
Exemplos
|
Presente simples
|
are/
is + particípio
|
Voz ativa: Bob
writes letters. (Bob
escreve cartas).
Voz Passiva: Letters are
written by Bob. (Cartas são escritas por Bob).
|
Presente contínuo
|
is/are
+ being + verbo no particípio
|
Voz ativa: Bob is
writing a letter. (Bob está escrevendo uma carta).
Voz passiva: A letter
is being written by Bob. (Uma carta está
sendo escrita por Bob).
|
Passado simples
|
was/were
+ verbo no particípio
|
Voz ativa: Bob
wrote a letter. (Bob
escreveu uma carta).
Voz passiva: A
letter was written by Bob. (Uma carta foi escrita por
Bob).
|
Passado contínuo
|
was/were + being + verbo no particípio
|
Voz ativa: Bob was
writing a letter. (Bob estava
escrevendo uma carta).
Voz passiva: A letter was
being written by Bob. (Uma carta estava
sendo escrita por Bob).
|
Futuro simples
|
will
be + verbo no particípio
|
Voz ativa: Bob will
write a letter. (Bob escreverá uma carta).
Voz passiva: A
letter will be written by Bob. (Uma carta será escrita por Bob).
|
Presente perfeito
|
has/have
+ been + verbo no particípio
|
Voz ativa: Bob has
written letters. (Bob
tem escrito cartas).
Voz passiva: Letters have
been written by Bob. (Cartas têm sido escritas por Bob).
|
Passado Perfeito
|
had
been + verbo no particípio
|
Voz ativa: Bob had
written letters. (Bob tinha
escrito cartas).
Voz passiva: Letters
had been written by Bob. (Cartas tinham sido
escritas por Bob).
|
Futuro com o “going
to”
|
am/is/are + going to be + verbo no particípio
|
Voz ativa: Bob is going
to write a letter. (Bob
escreverá uma carta).
Voz passiva: A letter is
going to be written by Bob. (Uma carta será
escrita por Bob).
|
Obs.:
Quando o sujeito da voz ativa for indeterminado (someone – alguém, people –
pessoas), não se coloca o agente da passiva (aquele que sofreu a ação pelo
verbo), nem by.
Ex.:
Voz ativa: Someone opened the gate. (Alguém abriu o portão).
Voz passiva: The gate was opened. (O portão foi aberto).
Voz passiva: The gate was opened. (O portão foi aberto).
Exercícios
01. A voz passiva de I’m reading the magazine é:
a) The magazine is being read (by me).
b) The magazine was being read (by me).
c) The magazine has been read (by me).
d) The magazine had been read (by me).
e) The magazine were read (by me).
b) The magazine was being read (by me).
c) The magazine has been read (by me).
d) The magazine had been read (by me).
e) The magazine were read (by me).
02. He said: “Can you show me your passport?”
a) He asked me can you show your passport?
b) He asked to show my passport.
c) He asked: show you passport.
d) He asked to me show you passport.
e) He asked me whether I could show him my passport.
b) He asked to show my passport.
c) He asked: show you passport.
d) He asked to me show you passport.
e) He asked me whether I could show him my passport.
03. He said: “ I am sweeping my floor.”
a) He said he sweeps his floor.
b) He said he was sweeping his floor.
c) He said that he was sweeping my floor.
d) He said his floor sweeps.
e) He said that floors are to be swept.
b) He said he was sweeping his floor.
c) He said that he was sweeping my floor.
d) He said his floor sweeps.
e) He said that floors are to be swept.
04. She said to me: “Go!”
She told me_______________.
She told me_______________.
a) had
b) going
c) go
d) to go
e) has gone
b) going
c) go
d) to go
e) has gone
05. They said to us: “Don’t go!”
They told us ________________.
They told us ________________.
a) go to not
b) not go
c) not going
d) not to go
e) going not
b) not go
c) not going
d) not to go
e) going not
06. I said to him: “I’ll leave soon.”
I told him that I ______ soon.
I told him that I ______ soon.
a) will leave
b) ‘d left
c) ‘s left
d) ‘d leave
e) am leaving
b) ‘d left
c) ‘s left
d) ‘d leave
e) am leaving
07. (FATEC) She said: “I had to leave”. – She said (that) ______.
a) she is leaving
b) she had leaving
c) she had to leaves
d) she had to leave
e) she had to leaving
b) she had leaving
c) she had to leaves
d) she had to leave
e) she had to leaving
08. (UNESP) Sue asked Barbara: “What movie do you want to see?”
Sue asked her what movie ______________
Sue asked her what movie ______________
a) did she want to see.
b) does she want to see.
c) to see.
d) she wanted to see.
e) she want to see.
b) does she want to see.
c) to see.
d) she wanted to see.
e) she want to see.
09. He said: “I have slept a lot”.
a) He said: slept a lot, I have.
b) He said: I have slept a lot.
c) He told slept a lot.
d) He told me to sleep a lot.
e) He said he had slept a lot.
b) He said: I have slept a lot.
c) He told slept a lot.
d) He told me to sleep a lot.
e) He said he had slept a lot.
10. She said to me: “I’m washing my car.”
a) She said that she washes cars.
b) She said that she was washing her car.
c) She said to wash her car.
d) She said to her car: wash!
e) She said she is washes cars.
b) She said that she was washing her car.
c) She said to wash her car.
d) She said to her car: wash!
e) She said she is washes cars.
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